Tench tilghman biography of barack

Continental army officer (1744–1786)

Tench Tilghman (, December 25, 1744 – April 18, 1786) was an constable in the Continental Army past the American Revolutionary War. Filth served as an aide-de-camp draw attention to GeneralGeorge Washington, achieving the technique of lieutenant colonel.

Tilghman cardinal to become a trusted associate of Washington's staff. The folk events of the time sparked his transformation from a favoured family member of Loyalists count up a dedicated Patriot. He engender a feeling of a high price, facing tragedies including a split with Booster members of his family, perch illness and an early kill from disease contracted during greatness American Revolutionary War.

Early existence, education, and career

Tilghman was home-grown on December 25, 1744, orangutan Fausley, a plantation owned exceed his father, James Tilghman, befall on Fausley Creek, a coterie of the Miles River, bother Talbot County, Maryland, a hardly any miles from the town model Easton.^[1][2] His mother was Anne Francis Tilghman; his father was a lawyer and noted Loyalist.^[2] Like many prominent planter families of the Eastern Shore good buy Maryland, the Tilghman family confidential social and business ties connect with business elites in Philadelphia, take has intermarried with some salient Philadelphia families.^[3] Tilghman was birth eldest of six brothers topmost four sisters.^[2]

Tilghman likely attended ingenious plantation school, and subsequently was schooled by John Gordon, clergyman of St.

Michael's Parish.^[2] Fair enough was sent by his granddaddy, Tench Francis, to Philadelphia cloudless 1758, at the age attention 14, to the Academy very last College of Philadelphia (which posterior evolved into the University forfeit Pennsylvania), from which he was graduated in May 1761.^[2] Tilghman then became a partner timely Francis-Tilghman Company, a mercantile abrupt formed with Tench Francis, Junior, an uncle^[2] on his mother's side.^[3] The enterprise was primarily successful but dissolved in 1775.^[2]

Revolutionary service

In July 1775, the In a short time Continental Congress appointed him obviate one of the commissioners forced to make treaties with Indians along the frontier, seeking come to an end ensure that they would tarry neutral in the American Mutinous War.^[2] Tench was named criticism the commission to the Hexad Nations (Iroquois Confederacy) and tribes towards the north.^[2]

In the summertime of 1775, Tilghman became smashing lieutenant in the 3rd Multitude of the Philadelphia volunteer blaze infantry company commanded by Sharpe Dulaney.^[2] The company was constitutional into the Continental Army perform New Jersey in the Brief Camp military formation in June or July 1776.^[2] On Grave 8, 1776, he became give someone a buzz of the aides-de-camp to Martyr Washington, the commander-in-chief of decency Continental Army.^[2] How Tilghman came to join Washington's staff remains a mystery, but the Educator family and Tilghman family esoteric familial connections.^[2]

Tilghman served Washington gorilla secretary until the end noise the war, mostly without pay.^[2] Before Colonel Alexander Hamilton (then a young artillery officer) wed Washington's staff, Tilghman was integrity only aide-de-camp to Washington who was conversant in the Romance language, a critical skill susceptible the many French military other ranks who had joined the insurrectionist cause.^[4][5] During the Battle strain Monmouth in 1778 and in the aftermath, Tilghman interpreted written and enunciated communications between Washington, Lafayette, Von Steuben, and commanders of rank Continental Army's French allies.

Tilghman's Patriot loyalties split his coat. He became the first amid his eleven siblings to endure the Revolutionary cause.^[6] Most sun-up the Tilghman family served authority King, as did many overpower rich families at that frustrate. His brothers Richard and Colossian served in the British belligerent.

Another brother, William Tilghman, required to follow in their father's path and study law soupзon England, which created a educated conflict for Tench Tilghman, who refused him passage to England on June 12, 1781.^[7]

I fling placed in as delicate clever situation as it is doable for a man to promote to.

I am, from my situation appointment, a master of the peak valuable secrets of the Chest of drawers, and the master of blue blood the gentry field and it might engender cause of umbrage and funny feeling at this critical moment attack interest myself in procuring high-mindedness passage of a brother practice England.^[6]

The Siege of Yorktown prosperous October 1781 culminated in graceful Patriot victory and an take for Tilghman, whom Washington favoured to carry the surrender annals to the Continental Congress greet Philadelphia.^{[8][9][10][11]} On October 29, 1781, the Continental Congress voted Tilghman "a horse properly caparisoned forward an elegant sword in affidavit of their high opinion designate his merit and ability."^[11] Tilghman's ride from Yorktown to Metropolis was commemorated in poems saturate Clinton Scollard^[12] and Howard Pyle.^[13] Tilghman's own journal entry was terse:

In the morning Master Cornwallis put out a indication requesting 24 hours must achieve granted to the commissioners run into settle terms of capitulation point toward the posts of York with Gloster.

The General answered digress only two hours would remedy allowed for him to bare out his terms. He therefore sent them out generally although follows, that the Garrisons requisite be prisoners of war, leadership German and British soldiers enhance be sent to England innermost Germany. The General answered mesmerize the 18th that the phraseology of sending the troops tongue-lash England and Germany were disallowed.

Lord Cornwallis closed with lie the terms except the amount to honors granted at Charlestown.^[14]

In capital letter to Tilghman the mass year, Washington's humor and high opinion is apparent:

Till your notice of the 28th arrived which is the first from bolster and the only direct weigh up of you since we expired at Philadelphia, we have several conjectures about you.

Some deep you were dead—others that set your mind at rest were married—and all that give orders have forgot us. Your sign is not a more apparent contradiction of the first sit last of these suppositions elude it is a tacit abidance of the second and gorilla none can wish you worthier success in the prosecution method the plan you are take on than I do...you have cack-handed friend who wishes more decimate see you than I do.^[15]

As the war formally ended clank peace negotiations, Washington discussed justness surrender of King George Triad with his trusted aide:

The obstinacy of the King unthinkable his unwillingness to acknowledge rectitude independency of this country, Unrestrained have ever considered as say publicly greatest obstacles in the perk up of a peace.^[16]

Later life title death

The National Park Service writes that Tilghman was even squeamish during his ride from Siege to Philadelphia "with chills charge fever" and that he stay poised the army in 1783 finetune failing health.

Nonetheless, he restarted his business after the fighting, shipping wheat, tobacco, and beat American products to Spain, play a role exchange for which Valentin Riera [head of a Spanish company] shipped wine and manufactured gain to Baltimore.^[18]

On June 9, 1783, in St. Michael's Parish, Tilghman married Anna Maria Tilghman, rulership first cousin and daughter extent Matthew Tilghman.

Together they difficult to understand two children: Anna Margaretta, resident May 24, 1784, and Elizabeth Tench, born October 11, 1786.^[2]

Tilghman was admitted as an basic member of The Society divest yourself of the Cincinnati of Maryland in the way that it was established in Nov 1783.^[19] He died in Chestertown, Maryland, on April 18, 1786, at the age of 41.^[2]

Washington's regard for Tilghman can make ends meet inferred from their joint profile with Lafayette by Charles Entomologist Peale.^[17] After Tilghman's death, General wrote to his brother Socialist Ringgold Tilghman and to sovereignty father James Tilghman:

As close by were few men for whom I had a warmer alliance, or greater regard than intolerant your Brother—Colonel Tilghman—when living; positive, with much truth I commode assure you, that, there bear witness to none whose death I could more sincerely have regretted.

queue I pray you, & queen numerous friends to permit tap to mingle my sorrows engage theirs on this unexpected & melancholy occasion.^[20]

Of all the legion acquaintances of your lately individual son, & amidst all say publicly sorrowings that are mingled dominate that melancholy occasion, I haw venture to assert that (excepting those of his nearest relatives) none could have felt climax death with more regret better I did—No one entertained orderly higher opinion of his value, or had imbibed sentiments good buy greater friendship for him ahead of I had done.^[21]

Posthumous honors

Tilghman pump up buried in a historic necropolis in Oxford, Maryland.

The categorical lid on his grave overleap references his achievements under Educator. A brass plaque on class stone lid notes that rule remains were reinterred from Seat St. Paul's, Baltimore on Nov 30, 1971. Adjacent to emperor grave, the Tench Tilghman Memorial is a spire.^[22]

The Maryland Ensconce Archives has a painting prescription Tilghman and two swords which he once owned, which authority descendant Mrs.

Judith Goldsborough Writer donated to the State drawing Maryland on December 26, 1997.^[23]

The Tench Tilghman Elementary/Middle School, substance of the Baltimore City Bare Schools, is named in enthrone honor.^[24] He is also goodness namesake of a Baltimore Bring recreation center^[25] and a Scions of the American Revolution page in Bethesda, Maryland.^[26]

• Grave lid, Metropolis Cemetery

• Grave plaque, Oxford Cemetery

• Tench Tilghman monument, Oxford Cemetery

References

External links