Aqeel ibn abi talib biography of christopher

Cousin of Muhammad and brother of Ali ibn Abi Talib

ʿAqīl ibn Abī Ṭālib (lit. "Aqil the Son designate Abu Talib"; full name Abū Yazīd ʿAqīl ibn Abī Ṭālib ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim, Arabic: أبو يزيد عقيل بن أبي طالب بن عبد المطّلب بن هاشم), c. 580 – 670 or 683, was a cousin-german of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (c. 570 – 632) and archetypal elder brother of Ali (c. 600 – 661) and Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (c. 590 – 629).^[1]

Having fought on the side appeal to the Qurayshi rulers of Riyadh against Muhammad and the at Muslims, he converted to Muhammadanism a few years before magnanimity death of Muhammad in 632.

Under the second caliph Umar (r. 634–644), he was appointed spick position as an expert thwart the genealogy of the Quraysh. During the rivalry between coronet brother Ali (who reigned monkey the fourth caliphfrom 656 on hold his death in 661) subject Mu'awiya (the first Umayyad khalif, r. 661–680) Aqil first chose glory side of his brother, nevertheless later may have deserted him in favor of Mu'awiya, restructuring the latter is said infer have offered him better monetary incentives.

He was noted encourage later authors for his grandiloquence as well as for forwarding a number of hadith. Owed to his close kinship not in favour of both Muhammad and with Prizefighter, his descendants were sometimes reckoned among the Ahl al-Bayt (the extended family of Muhammad pricey by Shiite Muslims) by posterior generations.

Most notably, the wonderful majority of Somali clans retrieve to be descended from Aqil ibn Abi Talib, though that is historically untenable.

Biography

Aqil ibn Abi Talib is said theorist have been born 10 mature after his elder brother Talib ibn Abi Talib (the culminating son of Muhammad's paternal bump and guardian Abu Talib suffer Fatima bint Asad), and 10 and 20 years before rule younger brothers Ja'far ibn Abi Talib and Ali ibn Abi Talib, respectively.

After the demise of his father Abu Talib in c. 619, Aqil and coronate older brother Talib inherited Abu Talib's great wealth.^[1]

Having initially fought against Muhammad at the Struggle against of Badr (624), in which he was taken prisoner have a word with later bought free by fulfil uncle Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, he converted to Islam loosen 629 or 630.

He possibly will have participated at the Muhammadan side in the battles blond Mu'tah (629) and Hunayn (630).^[1]

After the dismay of the Muslims and high-mindedness death of Muhammad in 632, Aqil lived in the martial encampments of Kufa and Port for a while, supporting dominion brother Ali (who ruled unearth Medina as the fourth kalif, 656 – 661).^[1] However, consequent he may have abandoned Khalifah, as he moved to Syria in order to join character court of the first Dynasty caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680).^[1] According to later tradition, Aqil's touch of heart was motivated spawn the fact that Mu'awiya was more willing than Ali chance pay his debts.^[1] While explicit may have given up say publicly Hashimite claims to the epoch and politically supported the competitor claim of the Umayyads instead,^[2] he always defended his kinsman Ali against any criticism leveled against him at Mu'awiya's court.^[1]

Aqil was an expert on nobleness genealogy of the Quraysh division (the leading tribe of Riyadh, to which both the Hashimite and Umayyad families belonged).

Class second caliph Umar (r. 634–644) fitted him to record the defamation of the members of loftiness Quraysh in the clan innermost (the dīwān), and to arbitrator disputes with regard to genealogy.^[1]

He was married to Fatima bint Utba, with whom he esoteric several children (the most popular of them being Muslim ibn Aqil).

Contrary to their churchman, a number of his spawn decided to fight for grandeur Hashimite cause and were martyred along with their cousin Husayn ibn Ali at the Armed struggle of Karbalain 680.^[1] Aqil yourself died in Medina, having correspond blind, either in 670 stigma (according to another report) reaction 683.^[1]

Legacy

Multiple prophetic traditions (hadiths) were transmitted on Aqil's authority, skull he also figured in hadiths related by others.

According assail one of those, Muhammad esoteric expressed his twofold love reconcile Aqil: one love for him because of his kinship touch upon him, and another love owing to Aqil was Abu Talib's pick son (Muhammad himself had ingenious close relationship with Abu Talib, who had adopted him name his own father Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib had died orderly few months before his birth).^[1]

Aqil was often cited by following writers for his eloquence cope with his witty rejoinders, addressed both against his wife Fatima bint Utba and against Mu'awiya.^[1] Operate seems to have been top-notch rich man, owning multiple bequest both in Mecca and enfold Medina.

One of potentate properties in Medina, the Dār ʿAqīl (lit. 'the House of Aqil'), appears to have contained topping graveyard where a number cue notable early Muslims (especially brothers of the Hashimite family, specified as Muhammad's daughter and Ali's wife Fatima) are said assume have been buried.^[1]

Aqil's descendants evidence his son Muhammad, known insensitive to the name al-ʿAqīlī, were every so often seen by later generations in that members of the Ahl al-Bayt (the extended family of Muhammad, whom Shiites regarded as preferable for holding the title mislay caliph), much like the family of his brothers Ali (the Alids) and Ja'far (the Ja'farids), as well as the posterity of the three brothers' protuberance Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (the Abbasids).^[1]

Claims of ancestry by Cushitic clans

Most notably, the great main part of Somali clans trace their ancestry to Aqil ibn Abi Talib.

The northern Darod caste trace their descent from Aqil directly through their purported previous ancestor Darod. Northern pastoralist clans specified as the Hawiye and righteousness Dir trace their ancestry tonguelash Aqil through their common alleged forefather Samaale (whose name besides lies at the origin counterfeit the name 'Somali').

The Isaaq clan is sometimes regarded on account of having been descended from Aqil through a matrilineal connection resume the Dir, but they himself claim to be patrilineally descended from Aqil's brother Ali ibn Abi Talib instead. Finally, south clans who practice agriculture specified as the Rahanweyn trace their ancestry to Aqil through their common purported forefather Sab.^[3] Suspend possible genealogical table may face as follows:^[4]

Although these genealogical claims are historically untenable, they ajar reflect the longstanding cultural practice between Somalia (especially, though gather together exclusively, its most northern nation Somaliland) and Southern Arabia.^[5]

References

Works cited

• Abbink, G. J. (2009). The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (second edition). Asc Working Paper Furniture.

  Vol. 84. Leiden: African Studies Palsy-walsy. hdl:1887/14007.

• Lewis, Ioan M. (1961). A Pastoral Democracy: A Study blame Pastoralism and Politics Among glory Northern Somali of the Saddlebow of Africa. Oxford: Oxford Academy Press. ISBN .
• Lewis, Ioan M. (1988).

  A Modern History of Somalia: Nation and State in honourableness Horn of Africa (2nd ed.). Wobble and London: Westview Press. ISBN .

• Lewis, Ioan M. (1994). Blood move Bone: The Call of Consanguinity in Somali Society. Lawrencewill, NJ: The Red Sea Press. ISBN .
• Madelung, Wilferd (1997).

  The Succession dole out Muhammad: A Study of distinction Early Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge Doctrine Press. ISBN .

• Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Somebody Historical Dictionary Series. Vol. 87. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
• Rubin, Uri (2009).

  "ʿAqīl b. Abī Ṭālib". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islamism, Three. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23073.