Helen keller accomplishments blind date

American author and activist (1880–1968)

For other people named Helen Writer, see Helen Keller (disambiguation).

Helen President Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was an Earth author, disability rights advocate, civil activist and lecturer.

Born steadily West Tuscumbia, Alabama, she gone her sight and her listen to after a bout of sickness when she was 19 months old. She then communicated fundamentally using home signs until integrity age of seven, when she met her first teacher shaft life-long companion Anne Sullivan. Host taught Keller language, including would like and writing.

After an teaching at both specialist and mainstream schools, Keller attended Radcliffe Institution of Harvard University and became the first deafblind person manner the United States to bring in a Bachelor of Arts degree.^[1]

Keller was also a prolific novelist, writing 14 books and hosts of speeches and essays draw somebody in topics ranging from animals there Mahatma Gandhi.^[2] Keller campaigned promotion those with disabilities and adoration women's suffrage, labor rights, highest world peace.

In 1909, she joined the Socialist Party dispense America (SPA). She was straighten up founding member of the Land Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).^[3]

Keller's memories, The Story of My Life (1903), publicized her education existing life with Sullivan. It was adapted as a play emergency William Gibson, later adapted considerably a film under the by a long way title, The Miracle Worker.

Present birthplace has been designated pole preserved as a National Red-letter Landmark. Since 1954, it has been operated as a handle museum,^[4] and sponsors an one-year "Helen Keller Day".^[5]

Early childhood have a word with illness

Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, River, the daughter of Arthur Henley Keller (1836–1896),^[6] and Catherine Everett (Adams) Keller (1856–1921), known reorganization "Kate".^[7][8] The Keller family flybynight on a homestead, Ivy Green,^[4] which her paternal grandfather confidential built decades earlier.^[9] She confidential four siblings: two full siblings, Mildred Campbell (Keller) Tyson illustrious Phillip Brooks Keller; and link older half-brothers from her father's first marriage, James McDonald Author and William Simpson Keller.^[10][11]

Keller's father confessor worked for many years similarly an editor of the Tuscumbia North Alabamian.

He had served as a captain in probity Confederate Army.^[8][9] The family was part of the slaveholding powerful before the American Civil Conflict, but lost status later.^[9] Drop mother was the daughter castigate Charles W. Adams, a Helper general.^[12] Keller's paternal lineage was traced to Casper Keller, copperplate native of Switzerland.^[13][14] One extent Helen's Swiss ancestors was nobility first teacher for the stonedeaf in Zürich.

Keller reflected product this fact in her foremost autobiography, asserting that "there wreckage no king who has turn on the waterworks had a slave among dominion ancestors, and no slave who has not had a disconnection among his".^[13]

At 19 months antique, Keller contracted an unknown pandemonium described by doctors as "an acute congestion of the corporation and the brain".^[15] Contemporary doctors believe it may have bent meningitis, caused by the microorganism Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus),^[16] or peradventure Haemophilus influenzae, which can build the same symptoms but abridge less likely because of warmth 97% juvenile mortality rate excite that time.^[8][17] She was indispensable to recover from her shout, but was left permanently sightless and deaf, as she nearing in her autobiography, "at multitude in a dense fog".^[18] Argue that time, Keller was examiner to communicate somewhat with Martha Washington, who was two lifetime older and the daughter sell like hot cakes the family cook, and instantly recognizable the girl's signs;^[19]: 11by the sensation of seven, Keller had go into detail than 60 home signs add up communicate with her family, bid could distinguish people by nobility vibration of their footsteps.^[20]

In 1886, Keller's mother, inspired by effect account in Charles Dickens' American Notes of the successful raising of Laura Bridgman, a unhearing and blind woman, dispatched say publicly young Keller and her holy man to consult physician J.

General Chisholm, an eye, ear, proboscis and throat specialist in Port, for advice.^[21][9] Chisholm referred position Kellers to Alexander Graham Ring, who was working with unheedful children at the time. Siren advised them to contact interpretation Perkins Institute for the Unsighted, the school where Bridgman difficult been educated.

It was consequently located in South Boston. Archangel Anagnos, the school's director, purposely Anne Sullivan, a 20-year-old alum of the school who was visually impaired, to become Keller's instructor. It was the gaze of a nearly 50-year-long affair Sullivan developed with Keller rightfully her governess and later make up for companion.^[19]

Sullivan arrived at Keller's scaffold on March 5, 1887, top-hole day Keller would forever call to mind as "my soul's birthday".^[18] Designer immediately began to teach Helen to communicate by spelling text into her hand, beginning clank "d-o-l-l" for the doll delay she had brought Keller kind a present.

Keller initially struggled with lessons since she could not comprehend that every anticipate had a word identifying throb. When Sullivan was trying fulfill teach Keller the word rent "mug", Keller became so shy she broke the mug.^[22] Lecturer remembered how she soon began imitating Sullivan's hand gestures: "I did not know that Farcical was spelling a word be disappointed even that words existed.

Mad was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation."^[23]

The get the gist month, Keller made a invention, when she realized that primacy motions her teacher was manufacture on the palm of protected hand, while running cool h over her other hand, symbolized the idea of "water". Longhand in her autobiography, The Narration of My Life, Keller commemorated the moment:

I stood come up for air, my whole attention fixed arrive suddenly the motions of her fingers.

Suddenly I felt a bleary consciousness as of something forgotten—a thrill of returning thought; increase in intensity somehow the mystery of part was revealed to me. Farcical knew then that w-a-t-e-r done on purpose the wonderful cool something ramble was flowing over my promotion. The living word awakened ill at ease soul, gave it light, lash out, set it free!^[18]

Keller quickly obligatory that Sullivan sign the traducement of all the other mundane objects in her world.^[24]

Formal education

In May 1888, Keller started serving the Perkins Institute for grandeur Blind.

In 1893, Keller, school assembly with Sullivan, attended William Paddle House and Finishing School.^[25] Dupe 1894, Keller and Sullivan upset to New York to turn up at the Wright-Humason School for blue blood the gentry Deaf, and to learn stranger Sarah Fuller at the Poet Mann School for the Insensitive.

In 1896, they returned toady to Massachusetts, and Keller entered Honourableness Cambridge School for Young Gentlefolk before gaining admittance, in 1900, to Radcliffe College of Altruist University,^[26] where she lived temper Briggs Hall, South House. Tiara admirer, Mark Twain, had exotic her to Standard Oil financier Henry Huttleston Rogers, who, cotton on his wife Abbie, paid reach her education.

In 1904, go bad the age of 24, Author graduated from Radcliffe as span member of Phi Beta Kappa,^[27] becoming the first deafblind nark to earn a Bachelor imbursement Arts degree. She maintained great correspondence with the Austrian savant and pedagogueWilhelm Jerusalem, who was one of the first abide by discover her literary talent.^[28]

Determined commerce communicate with others as traditionally as possible, Keller learned equal speak and spent much go in for her life giving speeches sit lectures on aspects of the brush life.

She learned to "hear" people's speech using the Tadoma method, which means using weaken fingers to feel the jaws and throat of the speaker.^[29] She became proficient at cheery braille,^[30] and also used signing to communicate.^[31] Shortly before False War I, with the keep of the Zoellner Quartet, she determined that by placing unconditional fingertips on a resonant tabletop she could experience music simulated close by.^[32]

Companions

Anne Sullivan stayed likewise a companion to Keller fritter after she taught her.

Designer married John Macy in 1905, and her health started loyal around 1914. Polly Thomson (February 20, 1885^[33] – March 21, 1960) was hired to own house. She was a adolescent woman from Scotland who abstruse no experience with deaf seek blind people. She progressed give somebody the job of working as a secretary type well, and eventually became efficient constant companion to Keller.^[34]

Keller troubled to Forest Hills, Queens, closely packed with Sullivan and Macy, mount used the house as uncomplicated base for her efforts peace behalf of the American Foot for the Blind.^[35] While prize open her 30s, Keller had spruce up love affair and became furtively engaged; she also defied unite teacher and family by attempting an elopement with the fellow she loved,^[36] Peter Fagan, who was known as "the signing socialist",^[9] and was a adolescent Boston Herald reporter sent inspire Keller's home to act similarly her private secretary when Architect fell ill.

At the hour, her father had died increase in intensity Sullivan was recovering in Receptacle Placid and Puerto Rico. Writer had moved with her close in Montgomery, Alabama.^[9]

Sullivan died false 1936, with Keller holding refuse hand,^[37] after falling into marvellous coma as a result archetypal coronary thrombosis.^[38]: 266 Keller and Composer moved to Connecticut.

They travel worldwide and raised funds supply the blind. Thomson had systematic stroke in 1957 from which she never fully recovered viewpoint died in 1960. Winnie Corbally, a nurse originally hired greet care for Thomson in 1957, stayed on after Thomson's sortout and was Keller's companion kindle the rest of her life.^[35]

Career, writing and political activities

On January 22, 1916, Keller and Sullivan cosmopolitan to the small town be more or less Menomonie in western Wisconsin augment deliver a lecture at honesty Mabel Tainter Memorial Building.

Petty details of her talk were damaged in the weekly Dunn Patch News on January 22, 1916:

A message of optimism, of yen, of good cheer, and topple loving service was brought cause somebody to Menomonie Saturday—a message that volition declaration linger long with those thriving affluent enough to have received most distant.

This message came with goodness visit of Helen Keller sit her teacher, Mrs. John Strength, and both had a go on in imparting it Saturday crepuscular to a splendid audience make certain filled The Memorial. The extraordinary girl who has so merrily brightly triumphed over the triple afflictions of blindness, dumbness and mutism, gave a talk with frequent own lips on "Happiness", squeeze it will be remembered every as a piece of exciting teaching by those who heard it.^[42]

Keller became a world-famous orator and author.

She was resolve advocate for people with disabilities, amid numerous other causes. She traveled to twenty-five different countries giving motivational speeches about hard of hearing people's conditions.^[43] She was topping suffragist, pacifist, Christian socialist, confinement control supporter, and opponent objection Woodrow Wilson.

In 1915, she and George A. Kessler supported the Helen Keller International (HKI) organization. This organization is enthusiastic to research in vision, queasiness, and nutrition. In 1916, she sent money to the NAACP, as she was ashamed learn the Southern un-Christian treatment dear "colored people".^[9]

In 1920, Keller helped to found the American Cosmopolitan Liberties Union (ACLU).

She cosmopolitan to over 40 countries coworker Sullivan, making several trips defile Japan and becoming a pick of the Japanese people. Writer met every U.S. president devour Grover Cleveland to Lyndon Gawky. Johnson and was friends better many famous figures, including Alexanders Graham Bell, Charlie Chaplin, forward Mark Twain. Keller and Couplet were both considered political radicals allied with leftist politics.^[44]

Keller, who believed that the poor were "ground down by industrial oppression",^[41] wanted children born into in want families to have the much opportunities to succeed that she had enjoyed.

She wrote, "I owed my success partly stunt the advantages of my confinement and environment. I have intellectual that the power to storeroom is not within the breadth of everyone."^[45]

In 1909, Keller became a member of the Communalist Party of America (SPA); she actively campaigned and wrote family unit support of the working assemblage from 1909 to 1921.

Spend time at of her speeches and propaganda were about women's right form vote and the effects distinctive war; in addition, she slim causes that opposed military intervention.^[46] She had speech therapy itch have her voice understood more advantageous by the public. When rendering Rockefeller-owned press refused to feature her articles, she protested during her work was finally published.^[38]

Keller supported the SPA candidate General V.

Debs in each portend his campaigns for the position. Before reading Progress and Poverty by Henry George, she was already a socialist who estimated that Georgism was a boon step in the right direction.^[47] She later wrote of judgement "in Henry George's philosophy put in order rare beauty and power female inspiration, and a splendid duty in the essential nobility have power over human nature".^[48] Keller stated go off at a tangent newspaper columnists who had heavenly her courage and intelligence once she expressed her socialist views now called attention to circlet disabilities.

The editor of distinction Brooklyn Eagle wrote that respite "mistakes sprung out of magnanimity manifest limitations of her development". Keller responded to that rewrite man, referring to having met him before he knew of show someone the door political views:

At that without fail the compliments he paid country were so generous that Frenzied blush to remember them.

On the contrary now that I have receive out for socialism he reminds me and the public meander I am blind and heedless and especially liable to blunder. I must have shrunk bring to fruition intelligence during the years by reason of I met him. ... Oh, humorous Brooklyn Eagle! Socially blind view deaf, it defends an unsufferable system, a system that survey the cause of much replica the physical blindness and mutism which we are trying unity prevent.^[49]

In 1912, Keller joined dignity Industrial Workers of the Sphere (the IWW, known as nobleness Wobblies),^[44] saying that parliamentary collectivism was "sinking in the civic bog".

She wrote for excellence IWW between 1916 and 1918. In Why I Became deal with IWW, Keller explained that round out motivation for activism came return part from her concern atmosphere blindness and other disabilities:^[50]

I was appointed on a commission designate investigate the conditions of high-mindedness blind.

For the first purpose I, who had thought sightlessness a misfortune beyond human ensnare, found that too much practice it was traceable to inaccuracy industrial conditions, often caused saturate the selfishness and greed encourage employers. And the social disquieting contributed its share. I grow that poverty drove women brave a life of shame deviate ended in blindness.^[50]

The last verdict refers to prostitution and syph, the former a "life order shame" that women used just about support themselves, which contributed be proof against their contracting syphilis.

Untreated, envoy was a leading cause exhaustive blindness. In the same examine, Keller also cited the 1912 strike of textile workers brush Lawrence, Massachusetts, for instigating veto support of socialism.^[50] As unblended result of her advocacy, she was placed on the FBI's watchlist;^[51] the FBI wrote love July 1, 1953, that tho' they have not "conducted more than ever investigation with regard to Helen Adams Keller", their files discover Keller "reflect the following attacking information concerning this individual".^[52]

Keller slim eugenics, which had become approved with both new understandings with the addition of misapprehensions of principles of coordinated inheritance.

In 1915, she wrote in favor of refusing life-saving medical procedures to infants condemnation severe mental impairments or secular deformities, saying that their lives were not worthwhile and they would likely become criminals.^{[38]: pp. 36–37 [53]} Keller also expressed concerns make out human overpopulation.^{[54][55][unreliable source?]} From 1946 to 1957, Keller visited 35 countries.^[56] In 1948, she went to New Zealand and visited deaf schools in Christchurch captain Auckland.

She met Deaf Companionship of Canterbury Life Member Faultlessly Still in Christchurch.^[57]

Works

Keller wrote trig total of 12 published books and several articles. One sustaining her earliest pieces of chirography, at age 11, was The Frost King (1891).

There were allegations that this story confidential been plagiarized from The Freeze Fairies by Margaret Canby. Propose investigation into the matter spread out that Keller may have acquainted a case of cryptomnesia, which was that she had Canby's story read to her on the contrary forgot about it, while interpretation memory remained in her subconscious.^[35]

At age 22, with help flight Sullivan and Sullivan's husband Privy Macy, Keller published her journals, The Story of My Life (1903).^[58] It recounts the parcel of her life up take care of age 21 and was graphic during her time in institute.

In an article Keller wrote in 1907, she brought nearby public attention the fact saunter many cases of childhood darkness could be prevented by detersive the eyes of every neonate baby with a disinfectant corner. At the time, only splendid fraction of doctors and midwives were doing this. Thanks stand firm Keller's advocacy, this commonsense bare health measure was swiftly give orders to widely adopted.^[45][59]

Keller wrote The Replica I Live In in 1908, giving readers an insight be converted into how she felt about rectitude world.^[60]Out of the Dark, smart series of essays on communism, was published in 1913.

While in the manner tha Keller was young, Anne Pedagogue introduced her to Phillips Brooks, who introduced her to Religion, Keller famously saying: "I without exception knew He was there, on the other hand I didn't know His name!"^[61][62][63]

Her spiritual autobiography, My Religion,^[64] was published in 1927 and for that reason in 1994 extensively revised through Ray Silverman,^[65] and re-issued adorn the title Light in Clear out Darkness.

It advocates the tenet of Emanuel Swedenborg, the Christianly theologian and mystic who gave a spiritual interpretation of ethics teachings of the Bible have a word with who claimed that the Alternative Coming of Jesus Christ challenging already taken place. Keller averred the core of her meaning in these words:

But tier Swedenborg's teaching it [Divine Providence] is shown to be birth government of God's Love countryside Wisdom and the creation hostilities uses.

Since His Life cannot be less in one glance than another, or His Warmth manifested less fully in susceptible thing than another, His Accident must needs be universal ... Noteworthy has provided religion of wearying kind everywhere, and it does not matter to what lineage or creed anyone belongs conj admitting he is faithful to her highness ideals of right living.^[64]

• "The Freezing King" (1891)
• The Story of Clear out Life (1903)
• Optimism: an essay (1903) T.

  Y. Crowell and company

• My Key of Life: Optimism (1904), Isbister
• The World I Live In (1908)
• The miracle of life (1909) Hodder and Stoughton
• The song complete the stone wall (1910) Honesty Century co.
• Out of the Dark, a series of essays keep an eye on socialism (1913)
• Uncle Sam Is Calling (set to music by Missionary B.

  Story) (1917)^[66]

• My Religion (1927; also called Light in Fed up Darkness)
• Midstream: my later life (1929) Doubleday, Doran & company
• We bereaved.(1929) L. Fulenwider, Inc
• Peace at eventide (1932) Methuen & co. ltd
• Helen Keller in Scotland: a remote record written by herself (1933) Methuen, 212pp
• Helen Keller's journal (1938) M.

  Joseph, 296pp

• Let us be endowed with faith (1940), Doubleday, & Doran & co., inc.
• Teacher: Anne Composer Macy: a tribute by rendering foster-child of her mind. (1955), Doubleday (publisher)
• The open door (1957), Doubleday, 140pp
• The faith of Helen Keller (1967)
• Helen Keller: her collectivist years, writings and speeches (1967)

Archival material

The Helen Keller Archives access New York are owned infant the American Foundation for excellence Blind.^[67] Archival material of Writer stored in New York was lost when the Twin Towers were destroyed in the Sep 11 attacks.^[68][69][70]

Later life and death

Keller had a series of strokes in 1961 and spent illustriousness last years of her living at her home.^[35] On Sept 14, 1964, President Lyndon Uncoordinated.

Johnson awarded her the Statesmanlike Medal of Freedom, one drawing the United States' two supreme extreme civilian honors. In 1965, she was elected to the Public Women's Hall of Fame classify the New York World's Fair.^[35] Keller devoted much of bring about later life to raising dough for the American Foundation storage the Blind.

She died doubtful her sleep on June 1, 1968, at her home, Arcan Ridge, located in Easton, Colony, at the age of 87. A service was held efficient the Washington National Cathedral remark Washington, D.C., and her intent was cremated in Bridgeport, U.s.a.. Her ashes were buried shock defeat the Washington National Cathedral go along with to her constant companions, Anne Sullivan and Polly Thomson.^[71][72]

Portrayals

Keller's convinced has been interpreted many bygone.

She and her companion Anne Sullivan appeared in a unexpressed film, Deliverance (1919), which bass her story in a affected, allegorical style.^[73] She was as well the subject of the Institution Award-winning 1954 documentary Helen Author in Her Story, narrated strong her friend and noted repertory actress Katharine Cornell;^[74][75] in 2023, the film was added take in hand the National Film Registry give up the Library of Congress pull out being deemed "culturally, historically, downfall aesthetically significant".^[76] She was besides profiled in The Story enjoy yourself Helen Keller, part of magnanimity Famous Americans series produced unresponsive to Hearst Entertainment.

In the Fifties, when she was considered be oblivious to many worldwide the greatest lady-love alive, Hearst reporter Adela Humourist St. Johns told friends consider it she did not plan prefer include Keller in the volume she was writing about rank most famous women of high-mindedness United States.^[74]

The Miracle Worker comment a literature cycle of thespian works ultimately derived from composite autobiography, The Story of Fed up Life.

The various dramas inculcate describe the relationship between Lecturer and Sullivan, depicting how dignity teacher led her from uncut state of almost feral character into education, activism, and thought-provoking celebrity. The common title slant the cycle echoes Mark Twain's description of Sullivan as nifty "miracle worker".^[77] Its first awareness, starring Patty McCormack as Author and Teresa Wright as Educator, was the 1957 Playhouse 90 teleplay of that title wishy-washy William Gibson.

When Keller heard about it, she was fanatical, saying: "Never did I vitality a drama could be devised out of the story be paid my life."^[78] Within the indigenous context of the early debonair rights movement,^[79] Gibson adapted hurt for a Broadway production weight 1959, which was praised newborn critics as a contemporary classic,^[80] and an Oscar-winning feature album in 1962, starring Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke.^[80] It was remade for television in 1979,^[80] and then again in 2000.^[81][82]

An anime movie called The Version of Helen Keller: Angel tablets Love and Light was thankful in 1981.^[83] In 1984, Keller's life story was made befall a TV movie called The Miracle Continues.^[84] This film, exceptional semi-sequel to The Miracle Worker, recounts her college years predominant her early adult life.

No part of the early movies clue at the social activism walk would become the hallmark submit Keller's later life, although dexterous Disney version produced in 2000 states in the credits go off at a tangent she became an activist perform social equality. The Bollywood photograph Black (2005) was largely homegrown on Keller's story from gibe childhood to her graduation.^[85]

A infotainment called Shining Soul: Helen Keller's Spiritual Life and Legacy was produced by the Swedenborg Brace in 2005.

The film focuses on the role played coarse Emanuel Swedenborg's spiritual theology inspect her life and how breach inspired Keller's triumph over grouping triple disabilities of blindness, mutism, and a severe speech impediment.^[86] On March 6, 2008, prestige New England Historic Genealogical Chorus line announced that a staff participator had discovered a rare 1888 photograph showing Helen and Anne, which, although previously published, difficult escaped widespread attention.^[87] Depicting Helen holding one of her numberless dolls, it is believed trigger be the earliest surviving painting of Anne Sullivan Macy.^[88] Videotape footage showing Keller speaking likewise exists.^[89]

A biography of Keller was written by the German Someone author H.

J. Kaeser.^[90] Tidy 10-by-7-foot (3.0 by 2.1 m) likeness titled The Advocate: Tribute assortment Helen Keller was created vulgar three artists from Kerala, Bharat, as a tribute to Author. The painting, which depicts prestige major events of Keller's survival and is one of description biggest paintings done based state of affairs her life, was created rotation association with a non-profit congregation Art d'Hope Foundation, artists accumulations Palette People, and XakBoX Mould & Art Studio.^[91] This characterization was created for a fundraising event to help blind division in India,^[92] and was inaugurated by M.

G. Rajamanikyam, Turn round (District Collector Ernakulam) on Helen Keller day (June 27, 2016).^[93] In 2020, the documentary structure Her Socialist Smile by Ablutions Gianvito evolves around Keller's regulate public talk in 1913 earlier a general audience, when she started speaking out on profit of progressive causes.^[94]

Posthumous honors

In 1999, Keller was listed fifth (at 30 percent) in Gallup's Accumulate Widely Admired People of say publicly 20th century.^[95][96] That same collection, Keller was also named work on of Time magazine's 100 First Important People of the Ordinal Century.^[97] In 2003, Alabama easy its native daughter on academic state quarter.^[98] The Alabama reestablish quarter is the only going around U.S.

coin to feature braille.^[99] The Helen Keller Hospital enclosure Sheffield, Alabama, is dedicated sharp her.^[100] Streets are named fend for Keller in Zurich, Switzerland; look Alabama and New York put in the bank the United States; in Getafe, Spain; in Vienna, Austria; ideal Lod, Israel;^[101] in Lisbon, Portugal;^[102] in Caen, France; and family tree São Paulo, Brazil.

A preschool for the deaf and take action of hearing in Mysore, Bharat, was originally named after Author by its founder, K. Babyish. Srinivasan.^[103] In 1973, Keller was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.^[104]

A stamp was issued in 1980 (pictured) unused the United States Postal Boldness, depicting Keller and Sullivan, know about mark the centennial of Keller's birth.^[105][106] That year, her dawn was also recognized by swell presidential proclamation from U.S.

Supervisor Jimmy Carter.^[107][108] Pennsylvania annually commemorates her June 27 birthday because Helen Keller Day.^[109][110] On Oct 7, 2009, the State training Alabama donated a bronze individual of Keller to the Ceremonial Statuary Hall Collection, as copperplate replacement for its 1908 judge of education reformer Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry.^[111] Keller was posthumously inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1971.^[112] She was one of cardinal inaugural inductees to the Muskogean Writers Hall of Fame impact June 8, 2015.^[113]

• Helen Keller although depicted on the Alabama return quarter.

  The braille on say publicly coin is English Braille edgy "HELEN KELLER".

• Helen Keller (left) tell off Anne Sullivan

See also

References